By Daren Butler and Dominic Evans
ISTANBUL (Reuters) – When Yunus Genc prays at Hagia Sophia on Friday it will mark the triumphant culmination of decades-long efforts by Islamist-rooted groups like his to convert the ancient monument, revered by both Christians and Muslims, to a mosque.
Genc’s Anatolian Youth Association (AGD) held protests and organized prayers outside the 1,500-year-old Hagia Sophia, while another group waged a series of failed legal campaigns until a top Turkish court last month finally ruled in their favor, annulling its status as a museum.
President Tayyip Erdogan immediately declared the building – a Christian Byzantine cathedral for 900 years before it was seized by Ottoman conquerors and served as a mosque until 1934 – a mosque once more, with first prayers to be held this Friday.
The decisions unleashed a torrent of criticism from church leaders, who said the conversion to exclusively Muslim worship risked deepening religious divisions. Turkey says the site will remain open for visitors and its Christian artworks protected.
“We struggled for this for years,” Genc said in front of the mosque, whose huge gray dome and rose-coloured walls and buttresses have marked the city skyline for a millennium and a half, joined later by four towering minarets.
“Hagia Sophia is a symbol and we, like all Muslims, wanted it opened as a mosque…When Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror came to Istanbul he bought Hagia Sophia with his own money as a symbol of the conquest, endowed it and wanted it to be a mosque.”
Genc’s AGD group is an offshoot of a movement founded by Turkey’s first Islamist prime minister Necmettin Erbakan, whose political party was a forerunner of the AK Party which has ruled Turkey under Erdogan’s leadership for 17 years.
In that time Erdogan has reshaped Turkey’s modern republic, established nearly a century ago by the staunchly secularist Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, lifting a ban on Muslim headscarves in public, promoting religious education and taming Turkey’s powerful military, once a bastion of Ataturk’s secular values.
Amid the chaos and uprisings which shook the Middle East since 2011, Erdogan also sought to position Turkey as a regional power and champion of Sunni Muslims. The Hagia Sophia move was a sign toward “achieving freedom” for al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem, Erdogan said earlier this month.
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Erdogan, a pious Muslim, threw his weight behind the campaign to convert Hagia Sophia before local elections last year which dealt a painful blow to his ruling AK Party. Officials say the move addresses a deep-rooted wish within the country.
“The decision to turn the Hagia Sophia museum into a mosque is based on a long-standing demand by the vast majority of the Turkish people,” presidential spokesman Ibrahim Kalin said. “We believe it makes more sense to use it… as a house of worship.”
He said under Erdogan’s rule, churches and synagogues serving Turkey’s minority Christian and Jewish communities had also been built, or rebuilt.
In Hagia Sophia, the Christian frescoes and the glittering mosaics adorning the cavernous dome and central hall will be concealed by curtains during Muslim prayer times, but remain on display for the rest of the time.
“That’s part of the Islamic legal tradition, just like the Jewish tradition where you are not supposed to have many descriptions and paintings, while you’re praying,” Kalin said.
“They will be covered during prayer times, and other times they will be open to everyone,” he told Reuters. Icons and artwork in the building’s upper floors and side galleries would remain uncovered, he added.
Pictures from inside Hagia Sophia this week have shown a large carpet being laid on the floor in preparation for the prayers.
(Additional reporting by Orhan Coskun; Editing by Alexandra Hudson)
